This study analyzes the evolution characteristics and energy dissipation mechanisms of near-inertial surface currents during the passage of Typhoon Toraji, based on sea surface current field data observed by shore-based High-Frequency radar (HFR) at Shangchuan Station and Wanshan Station in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. HFR provides continuous observations of surface current fields with high spatiotemporal resolution, offering an important data foundation for capturing the excitation, propagation, and decay processes of near-inertial oscillations under extreme weather conditions such as typhoons. Methods including band-pass filtering, rotary spectral analysis, and kinetic energy diagnostics are employed to extract near-inertial band signals from the observational data, allowing systematic analysis of the amplitude, rotation direction, spatial differences, and temporal evolution patterns of sea surface currents before and after the typhoon passage. On this basis, combined with synchronous wind field and background current field data, the main dissipation pathways of near-inertial current energy are explored, including energy transfer following wind stress input, local turbulent mixing, wave-current interaction, and energy loss due to bottom friction. This study aims to reveal the dynamic response mechanisms of sea surface currents to atmospheric forcing in the coastal waters of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area under the influence of Typhoon Toraji, providing a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of the energetics of near-inertial oscillations and air-sea interactions.