This paper systematically analyzes the influence of different seabed topographies on internal waves and the mechanisms by which they regulate chlorophyll distribution. In regions where internal waves are generated, propagated, and dissipated, they influence the distribution of marine chlorophyll through vertical mixing, horizontal transport, and modifications of the light environment. These effects strongly depend on seabed topography, as different topographic features influence the generation and evolution of internal waves, leading to various mechanisms acting in different combinations and shaping distinct chlorophyll distribution patterns. As high-frequency physical processes, internal waves interact with seabed topography and exert significant ecological effects on oceanic primary productivity and marine ecosystems. Future studies should integrate multi-source observations and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to further advance research in this field.