The energy transfer from mesoscale eddies (10–100 km) to submesoscales (1–10 km), along with the pivotal role of submesoscale processes in the oceanic energy cascade, has garnered increasing scholarly attention. Investigating the submesoscale energy cascade is critical for understanding the oceanic energy balance, material transport, biogeochemical cycles, and responses to climate change. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is characterized by unique physical properties and circulation patterns; abundant precipitation and river runoff result in low surface salinity, leading to the formation of a pronounced Barrier Layer. This study utilized shipboard ADCP and CTD underway data, employing structure functions and fitting methods to investigate the energy cascade in the surface layer (10–25 m) and below the barrier layer (50–150 m) in this region. It attempts to characterize the energy cascade and dynamic features of the area, and corroborates the findings with existing research.